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My laboratory is funded for work in behavioural neuroscience. We are currently working on six general projects and I am looking for students to work on any of these projects. I am most interested in having new students to work on animal models of Alzheimer's Disease (project 1), the behavioural test battery to study transgenic mice (project 2) and olfactory learning and memory (project 4). If you are interested in any of these projects, please contact me as soon as possible. The projects are described below, with references to our recent publications.

1. Animal models of Alzheimer's Disease
2. Studies of inbred and mutant mice
   • Behavioural analysis of transgenic and mutant mice: studies in behaviour genetics
   • Behavioural analysis of inbred strains
   • Studies of neurodevelopment in inbred and mutant mice
   • Studies of aging in inbred and mutant mice
   • Mouse models of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
3. Testing novel drugs to treat cognitive dysfunction in mice
4. Olfactory learning and memory
5. Apparatus and procedural variables in mouse testing: reliability and validity
6. History and Teaching of Neuroscience
7. Neuroendocrinology
8. Research Methods and Ethics

1. Animal models of Alzheimer’s Disease

We are working on the behavioural phenotying of transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer’s Disease. We are currently examining two strains (double and triple transgenic) of Alzheimer model mice in batteries of tests measuring emotionality, sensory systems, motor behaviour, learning and memory.

Emre Fertan, William H. Gendron, Aimée A. Wong, Richard E. Brown, Ian C.G. Weaver. Noncanonical imprinted gene regulation by amyloid-beta in 5xFAD mice. Submitted to: Scientific Reports, 11 November 2021. Submission ID: 6f171dcd-0f79-4556-9561-eab91ac1b2e0. Revised paper submitted 15 Dec 2022.

Fertan E and Brown RE.Ìý Age-Related Deficits in Working Memory in 5xFAD Mice in the Hebb- Williams Maze. Behavioural Brain Research, 2022, 424: 113806, 8 pages. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113806. This has a public database.

O’Leary TPÌý and Brown RE.Ìý Visuo-spatial learning and memory impairments in the 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease:Ìý Effects of age, sex, albinism and motor impairments. Genes, Brain and Behaviour, 2022;e12794.Ìý https://doi.org/10.1111/gbb.12794. Published Feb. 2022.

Fertan E, Rodrigues GJ, Wheeler RV, Goguen D, Wong AA, James H, Stadnyk A, Brown RE, and Weaver ICG. Cognitive decline, cerebral-spleen tryptophan metabolism, oxidative stress, cytokine production, and regulation of the Txnip gene in a triple transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer disease.Ìý The American Journal of Pathology, 2019, 189 (7): 1435-1450.Ìý

Fertan E, Wong AA, Vienneau NA, and Brown RE. Age and sex differences in motivation and spatial working memory in 3xTg-AD mice in the Hebb-Williams maze.ÌýBehavioural Brain Research, 2019 Sep 16;370:111937 doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.111937.

Gür E, Fertan E, Kosel F, Wong AA, Balci F & Brown RE.Ìý Sex differences in the timing behavior performance of 3xTg-AD and wild-type mice in the peak interval procedure. Behavioural Brain Research, 2019, 360: 235-243.ÌýÌý doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.11.047.

Gür E, Fertan E, Alkins K, Wong AA, Brown RE & Balci F.Ìý Interval timing is disrupted in female 5xFAD mice: An indication of alteredÌý memory processes.Ìý Journal of Neuroscience Research, ÌýÌý 2019; 97: 817-827. doi: 10.1002/jnr.24418.

O’Leary, T. P., Mantolino, H.M., Stover, K. and Brown R. E. Age-related deterioration of motor function in male and female 5xFAD mice from 3-16 months of age. Genes, Brain and Behaviour, 2018 Nov 13:e12538. doi: 10.1111/gbb.12538.

Garvock-de Montbrun, T.,Ìý Fertan, E.,Ìý Stover, K. and Brown, RE.Ìý Motor deficits in 16-month-old male and female 3xTg-AD mice.Ìý Behavioural Brain Research, 2019, 356, 305-313.Ìý doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.09.006.

King, J.L., Wong, AA, and Brown, RE.ÌýÌý Age-related changes in the spatial frequency threshold of male and female 3xTg-AD mice using OptoMotry.Ìý Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 2018, 62, 591-596.ÌýÌýÌýÌý

O’Leary, T.P., Robertson, A., Chipman, P. H., Rafuse, V.F. and Brown, R.E. Motor function deficits in the 12 month-old 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. Behavioural Brain Research, 2018, 337, 256–263.Ìý DOI:10.1016/j.bbr.2017.09.009.

O'Leary, T.P., Shin, S., Fertan, E., Dingle, R.N., Almuklass, A., Gunn, R.K., Yu, Z., Wang, J., and Brown, R.E.Ìý Reduced acoustic startle response and peripheral hearing loss in the 5XFAD mouse model of Alzheimer’s diseaseÌý Genes Brain and Behaviour,Ìý 2017, 16, 554-563.
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Banik, A., Brown, R.E., James Bamburg, Debomoy K. Lahiri, Dheeraj Khurana, Robert P. Friedland Wei Chen Ying Ding, Amritpal Mudher, Ante Padjen, Sudhir Srivastava, M V Padma Srivastava, Colin L Masters, Raj Kalaria,Ìý Akshay Anand. ^.Ìý Translation of Pre-clinical Studies into Clinical Trials for Alzheimer’s Disease: What are the Roadblocks and How Can They Be Overcome?ÌýÌýÌý The Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 2015,Ìý 47, 815-843.

Stevens, L.M. and Brown, R.E. Reference and working memory deficits in the 3xTg-AD mouse between 2 and 15 months of age: a cross-sectional study. Behavioural Brain Research, 2015, 278, 496-505.
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Stover, K.R., Campbell, M.A., Van Winssen, C.M., and Brown, R.E. Analysis of motor function in 6-month-old male and female 3xTg-AD mice.Ìý Behavioural Brain Research, 2015, 281, 16-23.

Stover, KR, Campbell, MA, Van Winssen, CM, and Brown RE. ÌýEarly detection of cognitive deficits in the 3xTg-AD mouse model of Alzheimer's Disease. Behavioural Brain Research, 2015, 289, 29-38.

Macdonald IR, DeBay DR, Reid GA, O’Leary TP,Ìý Jollymore CT,Ìý Mawko G, Burrell S,Ìý Martin E, Bowen CV, Brown RE, Darvesh S. Early Detection of Changes in Cerebral Glucose Metabolism in the 5XFAD Mouse. Current Alzheimer's Research, 2014, 11(5), 450-460.

2a. Behavioural analysis of transgenic and mutant mice

Behavioural analysis of transgenic and mutant mice studies in behaviour genetics. We are examining behavioural differences in inbred, mutant and transgenic mice. This area of research, termed "behavioural phenotyping", is essential for studying mouse models of behaviour. We are doing studies on strain differences in emotionality, motor function, sensory systems, learning and memory. We have done behavioural phenotyping of Fragile X mice, Coloboma mice and Sema5a mutant mice, as well as the Alzheimer’s model mice described in section 1.

Brown RE. Genetically modified mice for research on human diseases: A triumph for Biotechnology or a work in progress? The EurobioTech Journal, 2022, 6(2): 61-88.Ìý

Simanaviciute U., Brown RE, Wong AA, Fertan E, Grant RA.Ìý Whisker movement deficits in the 3xTg-AD mouse model of Alzheimer’s Disease.Ìý Genes Brain and Behaviour, 2022; e12813. 11 pages.Ìý https://doi.org/10.1111/gbb.12813.Ìý

Simanaviciute U, Ahmed J, Brown RE, Connor-Robson N, Farr TD, Fertan E, Gambles, N., Garland, H., Morton, A.J.,Ìý Staiger, J.F., Skillings, E.A., Trueman, R.C.,Ìý Wade-Martins, R.,Wood, N.I., Wong, A.A.,Ìý and Grant, R.A.ÌýÌý Recommendations for measuring whisker movements and locomotion in mice with sensory, motor, and cognitive deficits. ÌýÌýJournal of Neuroscience Methods,Ìý 331, 2020, 108532. Available on-line 12 December 2019.

Cooke MB,Ìý O’Leary TP,Ìý Harris P, Brown RE,Ìý Snyder JS.Ìý Pathfinder: open source software for analyzing spatial navigation search strategies [version 1; peer review: awaiting peer review] F1000 Research 2019, 8:1521. First published: 28 Aug 2019.ÌýÌý (https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.20352.1).

O'Leary, T.P., Hussin, A. T.Ìý Gunn, R.K. andÌý Brown, R.E.Ìý Locomotor activity, emotionality, sensori-motor gating and learning and memory in the APPswe/PS1dE9 mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease.Ìý Brain Research Bulletin, 2018, 140, 347-354.

Grant, R., Wong, A.A.,Ìý Fertan, E., and Brown, R.E. Whisker exploration behaviours in the 5xFAD mouse are affected by sex and retinal degeneration.Ìý Genes, Brain and Behaviour, 2018, e12532. 12 pages. https://doi.org/10.1111/gbb.12532.

Brown, RE, Shin, S. Woodland, N. and Rae, E.A. Genotype and sex differences in longevity in transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. Chapter 42 in Ram, J.L. and Conn, P.M.Ìý (editors). Conn's Handbook of Models for Human Aging, second edition. Academic Press/Elsevier. pages 563-576.

Kane AE, Shin S, Wong AA, Fertan E, Faustova, N., Howlett, SE, and Brown RE.Ìý Sex differences in healthspan predict lifespan in the 3x Tg-AD mouse model of Alzheimer's Disease.Ìý Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, June 2018,Ìý Volume 10,Ìý Article 172, 10 pages.Ìý https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2018.00172.

Luke, MP,Ìý LeVatte, TL,Ìý O’Reilly, AM,Ìý Smith, BJ, Tremblay, F,Ìý Brown, RE, Clarke, DB.ÌýÌý Effect of NCAM on aged-related deterioration in vision. Neurobiology of Aging,Ìý 2016, 41, 93-106.Ìý
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Roth, A., Kyzar, E., Stewart, A.M., Green, J., Gaikwad, S., Cachat, J., O’Leary, T.P., Tabakoff, B., Brown, R.E., and Kalueff, A.V. Potential translational targets revealed by linking mouse grooming behavioural phenotypes to gene expression using public databases. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 2013, 40, 312-325.
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Gunn RK, Huentelman MJ & Brown RE. Are Sema5a mutant mice a good model of autism? A behavioral analysis of sensory systems, emotionality and cognition. Behavioural Brain Research, 2011, 225, 142-150.

Gunn RK, Keenan ME & Brown RE. Analysis of sensory, motor and cognitive functions of the Coloboma (C3Sn.Cg-Cm/J) mutant mouse. Genes, Brain and Behavior, 2011, 10, 579-588.Ìý ÌýÌý

2b. Behavioural analysis of inbred strains

This project involves behavioural phenotyping for differences in anxiety, motor behaviour, learning and sensory function in inbred strains of mice. As part of the JAX Phenome Project we tested 129S1/SvImJ, A/J, AKR/J, BALB/cByJ, BALB/cJ, C3H/HeJ, C57BL/6J, CAST/Ei, DBA/2J, FVB/NJ, MOLF/Ei, SJL/J, SM/J, SPRET/EiJ mice.

O'Leary, T.P. , Gunn, R.K.,Ìý and Brown, R.E.Ìý What are we measuring when we test strain differences in anxiety in mice?Ìý Behavior Genetics,Ìý 2013, 43, 34-50.Ìý
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Hussin AT, Fraser LM, Ramos A & Brown RE. The effect of chlordiazepoxide on measures of activity and anxiety in Swiss-Webster mice in the triple test. Neuropharmacology, 2012, 63, 883-9.

O’Leary TP, Savoie V & Brown RE. Learning, memory and search strategies of inbred mouse strains with different visual abilities in the Barnes maze. Behavioural Brain Research, 2011, 216, 531-542.

Fraser LM, Brown RE, Hussin A, Fontana M, Whittaker A, O’Leary TP, Lederle L, Holmes A & Ramos A. Measuring anxiety- and locomotion-related behaviours in mice: a new way of using old tests. Psychopharmacology, 2010, 211, 99-112.

Martin AL & Brown RE. The lonely mouse: Verification of a separation-induced model of depression in female mice. Behavioural Brain Research, 2010, 207, 196-207.

Brown RE & Wong AA. The influence of visual ability on learning and memory performance in 13 strains of mice. Learning and Memory, 2007, 14, 134-144.

Wong AA & Brown RE. Visual detection, pattern discrimination and visual acuity in 14 strains of mice. Genes, Brain and Behavior, 2006, 5, 389-403.Ìý ÌýÌý

2c. Studies of neurodevelopment in inbred and mutant mice

These experiments examine early life development (birth to weaning), as well as parental behaviour in inbred and mutant mice.

Glenn A.K., Shin S., Whitehead J.C., Stover K.R., Wong A.A., and Brown R.E. Sensory, motor and cognitive development in the 5xFAD mouse model of familial Alzheimer’s Disease.Ìý Developmental Psychobiology, 2015, 57, Supplement 1, page S15. [Abstract]

Blaney, C. E., Gunn, R.K., Stover, K.R., and Brown, R.E.Ìý Maternal genotype influences development of 3xTg-AD mouse pups.Ìý Behavioural Brain Research, 2013, 252, 40-48.

Leussis MP, Bond TLY, Hawken CM & Brown RE. Attenuation of maternal behavior in virgin CD-1 mice by methylphenidate hydrochloride. Physiology & Behavior, 2008, 95, 395-399.

Lee WJA & Brown RE. Comparison of medial preoptic, amygdala, and nucleus accumbens lesions on parental behaviour in male and female California mice, Peromyscus californius. Physiology & Behavior, 2007, 92, 617-628.

2d. Studies of aging in inbred and mutant mice

We are investigating the effects of aging on behaviour, including long-term
memory, in various inbred and mutant mice, as well as the Alzheimer’s model mice described in section 1.

Gendron WH,Ìý Fertan E, Pelletier S, Roddick KM, O’Leary,TP,Ìý Anini Y, Brown RE. (2021). Age related weight loss in female 5xFAD mice from 3 to 12 months of age. Manuscript number: BBRES-D-20-01230. Behavioural Brain Research, 2021, 406, 113214.

O’Leary, T. P., Mantolino, H.M., Stover, K. and Brown R. E. Age-related deterioration of motor function in male and female 5xFAD mice from 3-16 months of age. Genes, Brain and Behaviour, 2018 Nov 13:e12538. doi: 10.1111/gbb.12538.

Kane AE, Shin S, Wong AA, Fertan E, Faustova, N., Howlett, SE, and Brown RE.Ìý Sex differences in healthspan predict lifespan in the 3x Tg-AD mouse model of Alzheimer's Disease.Ìý Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, June 2018,Ìý Volume 10,Ìý Article 172, 10 pages.ÌýÌýhttps://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2018.00172.

Brown, RE, Shin, S. Woodland, N. and Rae, E.A. Genotype and sex differences in longevity in transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. Chapter 42 in Ram, J.L. and Conn, P.M.Ìý (editors). Conn's Handbook of Models for Human Aging, second edition. Academic Press/Elsevier. pages 563-576.

King, J.L., Wong, AA, and Brown, RE.ÌýÌý Age-related changes in the spatial frequency threshold of male and female 3xTg-AD mice using OptoMotry.Ìý Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 2018, 62, 591-596.

Rae, E. A. and Brown, R.E.Ìý The problem of genotype and sex differences in life expectancy in transgenic AD mice.Ìý Neuroscience and Biobehavioural Reviews, 2015, 57, 238-251.

Gendron, W., Stephanie Pelletier, Richard E. Brown, and Younés Anini. Age-related changes in feeding behaviour, weight, hormones and metabolism in 12-month old female 5xFAD mice.Ìý Program No. 673.07/C65.Ìý 2015 Neuroscience Meeting Planner. Society for Neuroscience. Online. [Abstract]

Wong, AA and Brown RE.Ìý Prevention of vision loss protects against age-related cognitive impairment in DBA/2J mice.Ìý Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience,Ìý 18 September 2013.

Wong AA & Brown RE. A neurobehavioural analysis of the prevention of visual impairment in the DBA/2J mouse model of glaucoma. Invetigative Opthamological & Visual Science, 2012, 53, 5956-5966.

Wong AA & Brown RE. Age-related changes in visual acuity, learning and memory in C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice. Neurobiology of Aging, 2007, 28, 1577-1593.Ìý

2e. Mouse models of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

We have been working with Dr Ann Marie Craig at UBC to test mouse models of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).

Hong Lu, Long Zuo, Kyle M. Roddick, Peng Zhang, Shinichiro Oku, Jessica Garden,Ìý Yuan Ge, Michael Bellefontaine, Mathias Delhaye, Richard E. Brown, and Ann Marie Craig.Ìý Alternative splicing and heparan sulfation converge on neurexin-1 to control glutamatergicÌý transmission and autism-related behaviors. Submitted to Cell Reports, 22 July 2022. Reviews received 6 September 2022.

Fertan E, Wong AA, Purdon MK, Weaver ICCG, and Brown RE.Ìý The Effect of Background Strain on the Behavioural Phenotypes of the MDGA2+/- Mouse Model of Autism Spectrum Disorder. Genes Brain and Behaviour, 2021; 20: e12696. 18 pages.

Homberg JH,Ìý Kyzar EJ,Ìý Nguyen M,Ìý Norton WH,Ìý Pittman J,Ìý Poudel MK,Ìý Nakamura S, Koshiba M, Scattoni ML, Ullman JFP,Ìý Diamond DM,Ìý Parker MO,Ìý Brown RE,Ìý Song C,Ìý Gottesman II and Kalueff AV.ÌýÌýÌý Understanding autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders through experimental translational neurobehavioral models. Neuroscience and Biobehavioural Reviews, 2016, 65, 1-21. ÌýÌý

3. Testing novel drugs to treat cognitive dysfunction in mice

We work with a number of collaborators to test new drugs to treat cognitive dysfunction in mice.

Fertan E,Ìý Stover KRJ,Ìý Brant MG,Ìý Stafford PM,Ìý Kelly B,Ìý Diez-Cecilia E, Wong AA, Weaver DF and Brown RE.Ìý Effects of the novel IDO inhibitor DWG-1036 on the behaviorÌý of male and female 3xTg-AD mice.Ìý Frontiers in Pharmacology 2019, 10:1044. (published: 24 September 2019 ) doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01044.

Homberg JH,Ìý Kyzar EJ,Ìý Stewart AM,Ìý Nguyen M,Ìý Poudel MK,Ìý Warnick JE,Ìý Echevarria DJ,Ìý Collier AD, Beaton EA,Ìý Gaikwad S,Ìý Klimenko VM,Ìý Norton W,Ìý Pittman J,Ìý Nakamura S,Ìý Koshiba M, Yamanouchi H,Ìý Kunikata T,Ìý Fentress JH,Ìý Sufka KJ,Ìý Scattoni ML,Ìý Diamond DM,Ìý Ullmann JFP, Parker MO, Brown RE,Ìý Song, C andÌý Kalueff AV.Ìý Improving treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders: recommendations based on preclinical studies.ÌýÌý Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery, 2016 11: 11-25.Bisong SA, Brown RE, Osim EE. Comparative extrapyramidal effects of Rauwolfia vomitoria, chlorpromazine and reserpine in mice. Journal of Natural Medicines, 2013, 67, 107-12.

Bisong S, Brown R & Osim E. Comparative effects of Rauwolfia vomitoria and chlorpromazine on social behaviour and pain. North American Journal of Medical Sciences, 2011, 3, 48-54.

Bisong SA, Brown R & Osim EE. Comparative effects of Rauwolfia vomitoria and chlorpromazine on locomotor behaviour and anxiety in mice. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2010, 132, 334-339.

4. Olfactory learning and memory

We are interested in how rats and mice learn to discriminate between odours and their memory for odours. This research involves using habituation tests, Pavlovian and operant conditioning to train rats and mice to discriminate odours.

Brown RE, Schnare OK Habib, E, & Kyle Roddick K.Ìý Development of a one-day test of olfactory learning and memory in mice.Ìý In: B. Schaal (editor) Chemical Signals in Vertebrates, 15. Springer Nature. In Press, 26 Nov 2022.

Roddick KM, Fertan E, Schellinck HM and Brown RE. A signal detection analysis of olfactory learning in 12-month-old 5xFAD mice. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 2022, 88, 37-44. DOI 10.3233/JAD-220049.

O’Leary, T. P., Stover, K., Mantolino, H.M., Darvesh, S., and Brown R. E. Olfactory memory from 3 to 15 months of age in the 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer disease.Ìý Behavioural Brain Research, 2020, 393: 112731.Ìý doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112731.

Roddick, KM, Schellinck, HM, and Brown, RE.Ìý Differences in Olfactory Detection and Response Bias in the 3xTG-AD and 5XFAD Mouse Models of Alzheimer’s Disease. Alzheimer's & Dementia, 2016, 12(7), P1031. Abstract #P4-044.

Roddick KM, Roberts AD, Schellinck HS, and Brown RE.Ìý Sex and genotype differences in odour detection in the 3xTg-AD and 5XFAD mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease at 6 months of age. Chemical Senses, Ìý2016, 41, 433–440.

Schellinck, H.M. and Brown R.E.Ìý Olfactory system.Ìý In: James D. Wright (Editor-in-Chief), The International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, second edition, Volume 17. Oxford: Elsevier. pp. 196-200.

Roddick, K.M., Schellinck, H.M., and Brown, R.E. Olfactory delayed matching to sample performance in mice: Sex differences in the 5XFAD mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. Behavioural Brain Research, 2014, 270, 165–170.

Schellinck HM, Forestell C, Dill P, LoLordo V & Brown RE. The development of a simple associative test of olfactory learning and memory. In: A. Marchlewska-Koj, J. Lepri and D. Muller-Schwarze (editors), Chemical Signals in Vertebrates 9, New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 2001, 459-465.

5. Apparatus and procedural variables in mouse testing: reliability and validity.

Many of the tests used for learning and memory in mice have been adapted from tests developed for rats. We are investigating the apparatus design and procedural variables that are necessary to obtain reliable and valid data for mice in spatial learning on the Barnes Maze, attention in the 5-choice serial reaction time task, and in other tasks.

Brown, RE. Can we replicate our own results? In: Andrew Spink, JarosÅ‚aw Barski, Anne-Marie Brouwer, Gernot Riedel, & Annesha Sil (Editors), Proceedings of the joint 12th International Conference on Methods and Techniques in Behavioral Research and 6th Seminar on Behavioral Methods, Volume 2, 2022, pages 193-198.Ìý www.measuringbehavior.org.

O’Leary TP & Brown RE. Optimization of apparatus design and behavioral measures for the assessment of visuo-spatial learning and memory of mice on the Barnes maze. Learning & Memory, 2013, 20, 85-96.

O’Leary TP, Gunn RK & Brown RE. What are we measuring when we test strain difference in anxiety in mice? Behavioral Genetics, 2013, 43, 34-50.
Ìý
O’Leary TP & Brown RE. Learning and memory: Other mazes. In: WE Crusio, F Sluyter, RT Gerlai & S Pietropaolo (eds), Handbook of Behavioral Genetics of the Mouse, Volume 1, Chapter 30, pages 304-314. Cambridge University Press, 2013.

Stover, K. R.,Ìý O’Leary, T.P. and Brown, R.E.Ìý A computer-based application for rapid unbiased classification of swim paths in the Morris water maze.Ìý Proceedings of Measuring Behaviour 2012. Edited by Andrew Spink, Fabrizio Grieco, Olga Krips, Leanne Loijens, Lucas Noldus and Patrick Zimmerman. Pages 353-357.

O’Leary TP & Brown RE. The effects of apparatus design and test procedure on learning and memory performance of C57BL/6J mice on the Barnes maze. Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 2012, 203, 315-324.

Brown RE, Martin AL & Gunn RK. Separation-induced depression in the mouse. In: TD Gould (ed), Mood and Anxiety Related Phenotypes in mice: Characterization Using Behavioral Tests, Volume II, Neuromethods, 2011, vol. 63, Chapter 15, 235-250.

Schellinck HM, Cyr DP & Brown RE. How many ways can mouse behavioral experiments go wrong? Confounding variables in mouse models of neurodegenerative diseases and how to control them. Advances in the Study of Behavior, Vol 41, 2010, pp.255-366.

Brown RE, Stanford L & Schellinck HM. Developing standardized behavioral tests for knockout and mutant mice. The ILAR Journal, 2000, 41, 163-174.

6. History and Teaching of Neuroscience

I have three projects in the history of neuroscience. These involve the the life and work of (a) Donald O. Hebb (b) Sir Charles Sherrington and (c) Sir Wilfred Le Gros Clark, the latter two in collaboration with at the University of Oxford. I am working on a biography of the late Donald Olding Hebb, Canada's greatest psychologist and one of the founders of behavioural neuroscience, developmental psychobiology and cognitive neuroscience. I am also interested in the teaching of behavioural neuroscience and the development of neuroscience programs.

Emre Fertan and Richard E. Brown. A brain museum tour of Europe. An e-poster (#2713) for the FENS virtual meeting, 12-17 July 2020. www.researchgate.net/publication/336926888_A_Brain_Museum_Tour_of_Europe.

Fertan, E., and Brown RE. Asclepius: The man and the myth. FENS regional meeting, Belgrade, Serbia, 10-14 July 2019. (poster). www.researchgate.net/publication/336923341_Asclepius_The_Man_and_The_Myth.

Brown RE. Chapter 11. Sex as a Determinant of Neurodevelopment and its Disorders. In Neurodevelopmental Pediatrics: Genetic and Environmental Influences, edited by David Eisenstat, Dan Goldowitz, Tim Oberlander and Jerome Yager. New York: Springer. 37 pages. Page proofs corrected 30 Nov 2022.Ìý Published 24/01/2023.

ÌýBrown RE. Chapter 1. Overview of CNS Organization and Development. In Neurodevelopmental Pediatrics: Genetic and Environmental Influences, edited by David Eisenstat, Dan Goldowitz, Tim Oberlander and Jerome Yager. New York: Springer. 28Ìý pages. Page proofs corrected 28 Nov 2022. Published 24/01/2023.

Miller, Dylan and Brown, R.E.Ìý Seven steps to setting up a Neuroscience Program at Universities in Developing Countries.Ìý In D.W. Pfaff, et al., Editors. Neuroscience in the 21st Century: From Basic to Clinical,Ìý New York: Springer-Verlag,Ìý 2022. 37 pages. PDF received, 18 July 2022.Ìý Neuroscience in the 21st Century: From Basic to Clinical Ìý $2,201.78Ìý This title will be released on October 23, 2022.

Richard E. Brown, Thaddeus Bligh and Jessica Garden.Ìý The Hebb Synapse before Hebb: Theories of synaptic function in learning and memory before Hebb (1949), with a discussion of the long-lost synaptic theory ofÌý William McDougall.Ìý For a special issue of Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience edited by Rob McDonald and Bryan Devan, on The Emergent Engram: Multilevel Memory Trace Components and the Broader Interactions. Volume 15 | Article 732195. 22 pages. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.732195.Ìý Published 21 October 2021.

Richard E. Brown and Thalia Garvock-de Montbrun.Ìý Broca’s Brains: A lesson in the importance of saving the history of neuroscience. Hektoen International:Ìý AÌý Journal of Medical Humanities, Summer 2021. Published September 2021.

Mbiydzenyuy NE, Pieme CA, Brown RE, and Nguemeni C.Ìý Neuroscience Education and Research in Cameroon: Current status and future directions. IBRO NeuroscienceÌý Reports: Special issue on Neuroscience in Africa, 2021, 10: 216-224.

Brown, RE.Ìý Donald O. Hebb and the Organization of Behavior: 17 years in the writing. Molecular Brain, 2020, 13: 55.Ìý 28 pages.Ìý https://doi.org/10.1186/s13041-020-00567-8.

Brown RE.Ìý Why study the history of neuroscience? Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience 2019.Ìý 13:82. 16 pages. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00082.

Brown, R.E. Leonardo Da Vinci and the search for the anatomical basis of the soul. Program No. 21.04SA/UU24. 2014 Neuroscience Meeting Planner. Washington DC: Society for Neuroscience. Online. [Abstract].

Brown, R.E., O'Leary, T.P. and Stover, K.R.Ìý Putting behaviour back into Behavioural Neuroscience:Ìý Training students in the critical analysis of behavioral procedures and interpretation of behavioural data.Ìý Abstract #26.25SU. 2012 Neuroscience Meeting Planner. New Orleans, LA: Society for Neuroscience, 2012. Online.

Brown, R.E.ÌýSeven steps to setting up a neuroscience program at universities in developing countries.Ìý In D.W. Pfaff,Ìý Editor.Ìý Neuroscience in the 21st Century: From Basic to Clinical,Ìý New York: Springer,Ìý 2012.Ìý Pages 3059-3085.

Sir Wilfred Le Gros Clark’s Box, University of Oxford: .

Sherrington’s Box, University of Oxford: .

Molnar Z & Brown RE. Insights into the life and work of Sir Charles Sherrington. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 2010, 11, 429-436.

Brown, R.E.Ìý Seven steps to setting up a Neuroscience Program in African Universities.Ìý Invited paper for the special Neurosciences edition of the journal, Archives of Ibadan Medicine, 2009/2010, 10 (1/2), 13-19.

Brown RE. The life and work of Donald Olding Hebb: Canada’s greatest psychologist. The Proceedings of the Nova Scotian Institute of Science, 2007, 44, 1-25.
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Brown RE. Alfred McCoy, Hebb, the CIA and torture. Journal of the History of the Behavioural Sciences, 2007, 43, 205-213.
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Brown RE & Milner PM. The legacy of Donald O. Hebb: more than the Hebb synapse. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 2003, 4, 1013-1019.
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Brown RE & Milner PM. Foreword to the Erlbaum edition, D.O.Hebb, The Organization of Behavior. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers, 2002, F1-F21.

7. Neuroendocrinology

We have a number of studies on hormones and behaviour and I have written a textbook on basic neuroendocrinology.

Luke M, Brown RE, Rutishauser U, and Clarke DB. Polysialylated – neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) promotes recovery of vision after the critical period.Ìý Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, 2020, 107, 103537.

Felix S. Meier-Stephenson; Vanessa C. Meier-Stephenson; Michael D. Carter; Autumn R. Meek; Yanfei Wang; Luzhe Pan; Qiangwei Chen; Sheila Jacobo; Fan Wu; Erhu Lu; Gordon A. Simms; Laural Fisher; Alaina J. McGrath; Virgil Fermo; Christopher J. Barden; Harman D.S. Clair; Todd Ìý N. Galloway; Arun Yadav; Valérie Campágna-Slater; Mark Hadden; Mark Reed; Marcia Taylor; Brendan Kelly; Elena Diez-Cecilia; Igri Kolaj; Clarissa Santos; S. Imindu Liyanage; Braden Sweeting; Paul Stafford; Robert Boudreau; G. Andrew Reid; Ryan S. Noyce; Leanne Stevens; Agnieszka Staniszewski; Hong Zhang; Mamidanna R.V.S Murty; Pascale Lemaire; Solenne Chardonnet; Christopher D. Richardson; Valérie Gabelica; Edwin DePauw; Richard Brown; Sultan Darvesh; Ottavio Arancio; Donald Weaver.Ìý Alzheimer’s disease as an autoimmune disorder of innate immunity endogenously modulated by tryptophan metabolites.Ìý Alzheimer’s & Dementia: Translational Research & Clinical Interventions 2022; 8:e12283. https://doi.org/10.1002/trc2.12283.

Wilkinson, M.W., and Brown, R.E. An Introduction to Neuroendocrinology, 2nd edition. Cambridge University Press, June, 2015. 479 pages.

8. Research Methods and Ethics

We are involved in many collaborative projects on research methodology and the ethics of research.

Aysha Karim Kiani, Zakira Naureen, Derek Pheby, Gary Henehan, Richard Brown, Paul Sieving, Peter Sykora, Robert Marks, Benedetto Falsini, Natale Capodicasa, Stanislav Miertus, Lorenzo Lorusso, Daniele Dondossola, Gianluca Martino Tartaglia, Mahmut Cerkez Ergoren, Munis Dundar, Sandro Michelini, Daniele Malacarne, Gabriele Bonetti, Kevin Donato, Maria Chiara Medori, Tommaso Beccari, Michele Samaja, Stephen Thaddeus Connelly, Donald Martin, Assunta Morresi, Ariola Bacu, Karen Herbst, Mykhaylo Kapustin, Liborio Stuppa, Ludovica Lumer, Giampietro Farronato, Matteo Bertelli. [International Bioethics Study Group]. Methodology for clinical research. Journal of Preventative Medicine and Hygiene, 17 Oct 2022, 63(Suppl 3), E267-E278. https://doi.org/10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2022.63.2S3.2769 #5 of 33.

Aysha Karim Kiani, Derek Pheby, Gary Henehan, Richard Brown, Paul Sieving, Peter Sykora, Robert Marks, Benedetto Falsini, Natale Capodicasa, Stanislav Miertus, Lorenzo Lorusso, Daniele Dondossola, Gianluca Martino Tartaglia, Mahmut Cerkez Ergoren, Munis Dundar, Sandro Michelini, Daniele Malacarne, Gabriele Bonetti, Astrit Dautaj, Kevin Donato, Maria Chiara Medori, Tommaso Beccari, Michele Samaja, Stephen Thaddeus Connelly, Donald Martin, Assunta Morresi, Ariola Bacu, Karen Herbst, Mykhaylo Kapustin, Liborio Stuppia, Ludovica Lumer, Giampietro Farronato, Matteo Bertelli. [International Bioethics Study Group]. Ethical Considerations Regarding Animal Experimentation. Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene 2022, 63(Suppl. 3), E255-E266. https://doi.org/10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2022.63.2S3.2768 #4 of 34.Ìý

Brown, RE. The importance of collaboration in neuroscience. Review of Body, Brain, Behavior: Three Views and a Conversation by Tamas Horváth, Joy Hirsch, and Zoltán Molnár. Academic Press, 2022, 415 pages. Brain, 2022, 1. [Book Review] https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awac423.Ìý

Naureen Z, Beccari T, Marks R,Ìý Brown RE, Lorusso L, Pheby D, Miertus S, Herbst KL, Stuppia L, Henehan G, Falsini B, Sikora P, Lumer L, Bertelli M, and the International Bioethical Study Group. Ethics committees for the clinical experimentation at the international level with a focus on Italy.Ìý Acta Biomed 2020, 91, Supplement 13: e2020016. 15 pages.Ìý DOI: 10.23750/abm.v91i13-S.10643.Ìý

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